Communications Growth (part 2)

Before now, we know about electric telecommunications. At first, we know commercial electric telegraph is created by Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir William Fothergill Cooke. And then at same century conventional telephone is found by Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant, Thomas Watson. And at that time, telephone is very important invention because can send messages via cable network. The first voices which successful are sent via cable is the voices of Graham Bell, he said “Mr. Watson, come here, I want you!” at September 10, 1876.

But, the cable network contractions need big cash and long time. Because that, scientists trying to find wireless communication. This effort actually already is started since 1832 when James Lindsay demonstration wireless telegraphy to his student. At 1954 he successful sent messages, from Dundee to Woodhaven, he used water as transmission media. At 1893, Nicola Tesla to describe and explain with detail the basics of wireless telegraphy. He used tools which related with radio system. At December 1901, Guglielmo Macaroni successful to constructive wireless communication between United Kingdom and America, because that he get Nobel, at 1909. Hereinafter, at march 25, 1925 in London, John Logie Baird from Scotland successful sent messages in silhouette move picture form. At October 1925, Baird success sent real picture (television) used nipkow disk is known mechanic television. Hereinafter, Baird success constructive the color television used cathode-ray tubes.

After that we know telecommunications with base use computer. When electronic computers are found at decade 1930, communications growth became faster. Various efforts are made for send messages from one computer to others computer. At September 11, 1940 George Stibitz success sent problems computation used teletype to Complex Number Calculator at New York and accept result at Darthmouth College, New Hampshire.

At decade 1960, scientist began to research about packet switching, so maybe it can sent data from one computer to others computer without through centralized mainframe. At December 5, 1969 scientists successed make network 4-node between The University of California (Los Angeles), The Stanford Research Institute, The University of Utah and The University of California (Santa Barbara). After that, this computer network became ARPANET, which at 1981 have 213 node. At June 1973, something node from outside America is added to this network computer. After that ARPANET fuse with networks others computer so make Internet. At August 1982, protocol electronic mail (e-mail) which is called with SMTP begin to launched. At May 1996, HTTP/1.0 or protocol which may hyperlink Internet success is implemented. The protocols make telecommunication with base computer become very famous.

COMMUNICATIONS GROWTH ( PART 1)

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Long time ago, human did far communications use simple media like fire, drum, water, and also smoke. For example, long time ago, drum is used by original society of Africa, New Guinea, and South America for communications. And China’s society used tamtam a kind drum for communications.

At fifth century Before Christ, the ancient Yunani Kingdom and Romawi Kingdom use fire for communications among mount to mount or tower to tower. And at fourth Anno Domini, Aeneas the Tactictian propose communications system use water. That system is called hydro optical telegraph. Use that system many people can send messages very quickly from one place to other place.

And at period of France revolution, Claude Shape found telecommunications tools. That tools is called mechanical optical telegraph. The tools in the form of bar which can be moved by rope, so that can form various symbol or letter character, its amount reach 196. the telegraph network consisted of 22 station with coverage 240 Km, with time for send messages about 2 until 6 minutes.

OPTIC

Do you know…?
In telecommunications world, optic has became very important tools, maybe become foundation of telecommunications world. Optic cable send digital data in ray or light signal form, from one place to others place. Besides that, optic is used for illumination sensor and image object. Optic cable is made of some optic fibre. The transmission velocity of optic fibre is very high, although very long and thin, so that compatible for telecommunications band.

Basically, digital communication media is copper, air, and glass. And fibre optic is made of glass or plastic. But, if it is compared with copper, fibre optic is cheaper and its capacities bigger. Other than that, fibre optic have smaller degradation signal, more flexible, and difficult to burned. So, optic is very useful in telecommunications world.